Opportunities and Challenges of Using Artificial Intelligence in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Indonesia: A Historical Perspective

Abstract

This study investigates the historical development, opportunities, and challenges of using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in English Language Teaching (ELT) in Indonesia. Using a qualitative historical approach, the research draws on academic literature, policy documents, and interviews with key informants to trace the evolution of AI tools in ELT from early computer-assisted learning systems to recent AI-driven platforms such as ChatGPT and AI-powered writing assistants. The presence of AI brings two sides. It proposes great opportunities to support English language learning, such as easier access to information, writing assistance, and creating more interactive learning experiences. On the other hand, AI also poses a very serious challenge, including the risk of plagiarism, overdependence, and a decline in students’ critical thinking skills. This article aims to analyse: (1) the opportunities of using AI in English language learning in Indonesia, and (2) the challenges faced in its implementation. This study concludes that AI can be an effective tool to support learning when used wisely, but it may also become a serious problem if not accompanied by proper learning guidance and regulations.