DEFRAGMENTING TAHAPAN TRANSFORMASI TEORI NEWMAN DALAM MENYELESAIKAN MASALAH SOAL CERITA SISTEM PERSAMAAN LINEAR DUA VARIABEL (SPLDV)

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah soal cerita sistem persamaan linear dua variabel (SPLDV) serta upaya defragmentingnya. Analisis kesalahan yang dilakukan berdasarkan teori Newman. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, penelitian ini dilakukan pada siswa kelas X SMK yang berada didesa Ketanen. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah 5 siswa yang kemudian dari subjek tersebut dipilih 1 siswa yang melakukan kesalahan dalam menyelesaikan soal tes dengan mengacu pada tahapan-tahapan teori Newman. Kesalahan struktur berpikir siswa ditelusuri dari hasil pekerjaan siswa dalam penyelesaian masalah. Dari hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa kesalahan siswa dalam menyelesaikan soal cerita sistem persamaan linear dua variabel (SPLDV) yaitu kesalahan dalam tahapan transformasi dan kesalahan dalam keterampilan proses. Struktur berpikir siswa dapat direorganisasi, proses reorganisasi berpikir siswa disebut defragmenting. Defragmenting yang dilakukan peneliti yaitu melalui scaffolding, conflict cognitif, dan disequilibrasi. Proses defragmenting melalui scaffolding bertujuan untuk memunculkan skema yang akan digunakan, mengarahkan struktur berpikir subjek yang masih salah. Proses defragmenting melalui conflict cognitif bertujuan untuk menyadarkan subjek atas kesalahan yang dilakukan karena tidak sesuai dengan konsep ilmiah. Proses defragmenting melalui disequilibrasi diberikan melalui pertanyaan – pertanyaan yang menimbulkan kesenjangan dalam pikiran sehingga subjek melakukan pengecekan kembali terhadap jawaban yang diberikan.

The purpose of this research to describe the error that students made in solving the two variable linear equation system story problem (SPLDV) and defragmenting efforts. The analysis of error that made based on the Newman theory. The method that used in this research was qualitative, This research was conducted on class X SMK students who were in Ketanen village. The subjects of this study were 5 students, then from these subjects 1 student who made an error in solving the test questions was selected by referring to the stages of Newman's theory. The structural error of students thinking are traced from the results of students work in solving problems. From the research results it was found that the students error in solving the two variable linear equation system story problems (SPLDV)  that is  error in transformation and erorr in process skills.. The structure of student thinking can be reorganized, the process of reorganizing student thinking is called defragmenting. Defragmenting that was carried out by researchers was through scaffolding, cognitive conflict, and disequilibration. The defragmenting process through scaffolding aims to create a scheme that will be used, directing the structure of thinking, subject which is still wrong. The process of defragmenting through cognitive conflict aims to make the subject aware of the mistakes made because they are not in accordance with scientific concepts. The defragmenting process through disequilibration is given through questions that cause gaps in the mind so that the subject checks back on the answers given.