International Conference on Science, Technology, and Engineering for Sustainable Development (ICoSTES)
Background of the Conference Sustainable development is a development process for meeting human development goals while maintaining the ability of natural systems to provide the natural resources and ecosystem services on which the economic system of society depends. The achieved result in sustainable development is a condition of community life and the use of resources continuously meets human needs without undermining the integrity and stability of the natural system. Sustainable development must meet the needs of the present without sacrificing the needs of future generations. The achievement of sustainable development is highly dependent on the stability of ecosystems in a region. Meanwhile, the stability of the ecosystem is largely determined by biodiversity above and below ground. The ASEAN as a region is basically rich and diverse in agriculture, natural resources, and the physical environment. There is genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity ideal for the basic and applied sciences related to agriculture and the rich biodiversity in our environment. Technology and engineering help enhance science that benefits society and humanity. There is a need to nurture these diverse landscapes and resources to sustain the megadiversity status of Indonesia and other countries in the world. Incidentally, nurturing these rich resources needs an urgent interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary collaboration among ASEAN and international professionals in the fields of agriculture and natural sciences. Additionally, the fields of technology and engineering can indeed help make all our aspirations a reality. It is in this light that Universitas Islam Malang (UNISMA) has successfully conducted the First International Conference on Science, Technology, and Engineering for Sustainable Development in 2018 (1st ICoSTES 2018). The conference involved hundreds of participants from graduate schools, research agencies, and universities. Involved in the first ICoSTES 2018 were notable speakers and participants from around the world. To expand our aims, The Second International Conference on Science, Technology, and Engineering for Sustainable Development (2nd ICoSTES 2023) will be conducted on December 6, 2023. The conference aims at fostering sustainable development in natural sciences, technological advances, and engineering for societies through empirical research. Scope:Earth Science, Energy and Mining, Environmental Science, and Sustainable Development.
Antibacterial Activity Test of Glutathione produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1b
Glutathione (GSH) is a tripeptide composed of cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine. GSH is widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic fields because of its role as an antioxidant, immune system modulator, and detoxification agent. While the role of GSH as an antibacterial is still rarely studied. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is the one of microorganism that used as a GSH-producing agent. This study was carried out with an objective to investigate the antibacterial effect of the GSH produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1b. The antibacterial effect was determined using agar disc diffusion method. Zone of inhibition of GSH produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae were compared with GSH from manufacturer, and ampicillin as positive control. GSH was tested against Escherichia coli. The results showed that GSH produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1b exhibits antibacterial effect but is not better than GSH from manufacturer. Â Keyword: Glutathion, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, antibacterial effect, diffusion method
Mangrove assessment in Manamoc Island for coastal retreat mitigation
Manamoc Island has been experiencing coastline retreat and was in urgent need of efficient and least costly mitigating measures. This study explored the role of mangroves in the mitigation of coastal retreat in Manamoc Island. Assessment of mangroves through standard vegetation analysis was done in relation to the topography and coastal dynamics prevalent in Manamoc Island. Finally, time series analysis of sand and mangrove cover change was done to determine the role of mangroves in coastal retreat mitigation. Cluster analysis revealed five clusters named after the dominant species: Cluster I – Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.; Cluster II – Bruguiera sexangula (Lour.) Poir.; Cluster III – Rhizophora apiculata Blume and Rhizophora mucronata Lam.; Cluster IV – Rhizophora mucronata Lam.; and Cluster V – Sonneratia alba J. Smith. The clustering pattern follows that of the typical mangrove zonation: landward, middleward, and seaward although with a relatively short width. CCA indicated that environmental factors like soil texture, pH, N, and P influenced mangrove distribution in Manamoc Island. Time series analysis of sand and mangrove cover change revealed that mangroves were responsible for the accumulation of sand in both upper and lower section of the mouth of the lagoon. Likewise, in areas with less sediments and the water current was very strong, mangroves were not able to colonize.
Exploration of Non-Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria from Green Bean Rhizosphere (Vigna radiate L.) from Three Locations.
Nitrogen (N) is the most abundant element in the atmosphere. However N is the nutrient that is most often deficient in agricultural soils. This contradiction due to N is the largest amount of nutrients needed in plant growth. The function of N nutrients is very important especially in the formation of protein compounds in plants. This study aims were to screen and isolate non-symbiotic nitrogen-fixing bacteria, also to determine the bacterial population from the three regions. Then, results of screening and isolation were checked the antagonism, observed its potential as a consortium bacteria, tested total ammonia production and the possibility of pathogenicity. This research was an exploratory study carried out from April to July 2016. The locations of sampling were in three locations in Malang, East Java, namely Kendalpayak Experimental Garden, Jambegede Experimental Garden and Junrejo Forest. Determination of the location was based on the continuous fertilization and planting activities compared to the forest. Soil sampling was carried out around the roots of green beans, because in this zone has a high soil fertility level due to high microbial activity. The research stages included screening, isolation and characterization. We selected 4 isolates, namely SNF4, SNF5, SNF7 and SNF8. Antagonistic tests showed that there were no inhibitory zones with each other and the pathogenicity test did not show pathogenic properties of green bean germination. The design used was a Completely Randomized Design consisting of 4 treatments and 1 control. Nitrogen fixing bacterial isolates had have a significant effect on green bean germination. The possibility of this type of bacteria is producing plant hormones. From the N-fixing bacterial exploration activities, there were differences in the number of populations in each soil sample. The four bacteria were not antagonistic and pathogenic. From the results of testing ammonia production was able to do N-fixation with a high ability. Based on the antagonism test shows that four bacteria are potential as consortium bacteria because they did not cause disease in mung bean plants (not pathogens) and did not affect or inhibit the growth of mung bean plants. Â
Stem Bark Extract of Plumeria rubra L. Found in East Java as A More Potent Anti Cancer Agent Compared with The Extract Being From Other Areas
Plumeria rubra has been studied as a species of plants that contain some secondary metabolites inducing anticancer. The metabolites had been identified previously from the plants being from many areas. Different areas have different soil content influencing the accumulation of secondary metabolites in plants. This study identified the secondary metabolites that were contained in stem bark of P. rubra L. found in East Java. The bark were extracted in ethanol, then the result was analyzed using LCMS apparatus. The results showed that stem bark of P. rubra L. contained 42 metabolites. These were different from the compounds previously found. The types of metabolite were less than the previous ones. However, most of them had capability as anticancer. It means that the stem bark extract of P. rubra L., being from East Java was more potent to be anticancer agent compared with the extract of the plants being from other areas and previously identified. Â Key words: secondary metabolites, Â plant extract, Plumeria rubra L., East Java
Growth Of White Oyster Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm) on Sawdust With Addition Rice Husk in Mekarsari Village
White oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm) was a type of mushrooms that widely consumed containing 27% protein. Protein content in white oyster mushroom can be influenced by the composition of planting media such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and additional nutrients. Alternative media that can be used to complete sawdust is organic waste. Rice husk is one of organic waste that can be used as an alternative media to increase productivity of white oyster mushroom. The purpose of this research was to know the growth of white oyster mushroom on sawdust media by addition of rice husk in Mekarsari Village. This experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with 4 treatments (K4S0, K3S1, K2S2 and K1S3) and each treatment were 6 replications so there were 24 experimental units. The main parameters observed were pinhead occurrence time. Supported parameters were growth of mycelium, fresh and dry weight. The results showed that the addition of rice husk to sawdust media was not influenced the time of appearance of white oyster mushroom pinhead (P. ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm). The treatment of K1S3 was the fastest in the appearance of the white oyster mushroom pinhead (P. ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm) with average to 38,83 days. Keywords: Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.) P.Kumm, sawdust, rice husk
THE REPELENCY STUDY OF BINTARO LEAF EXTRACT (Cerbera manghas) OF Spodoptera litura PEST ON SOYBEAN PLANT
The aim of the study was to test repellency of bintaro plant extracts for the presence of Spodoptera litura pests on soybean plants; knowing the factors that cause the absence of insect pests in soybean plants; and reviewing utilization of bintaro plant extracts in the decision to control plant pests. The study used the Painter (1951) plant endurance test approach, namely soybean plants were treated with various concentrations of bintaro leaf extract infested by Spodoptera litura insects. The research design was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with five replications .The treatment in the form of concentration of bintaro leaf extract with six levels, namely: K0: concentration of 0.0%; K1: concentration of 2.5%; K2: concentration of 5.0%; K3: concentration of 7.5%; K4: 10.0% concentration; and K5: 12.5% concentration. The results showed that the treatment of bintaro leaf extract did not affect the presence of imago, looking for a place to lay eggs, but thwart the hatching of Spodoptera eggs. Bintaro leaf extract is able to suppress spodoptera caterpillar 70-80%. Keywords: bintaro leaf extract, repellency, Spodoptera litura.
Soursop Leaves (Annona muricata Linn.) as anti inflamation by Insilico Study
Essential oils and ethanol extract of soursop leaves are known to have an anti-inflammatory effect, but it is unclear how they work. This study aims to analyze the potential of essential oils and ethanol extract of soursop leaves as antiinflammatory by inhibition of COX-1 (Cyclooxygenase-1) and COX-2 (Cyclooxygenase-2) enzime through In silico study. Molecular docking between the active ingredients of essential oils and ethanol extract of soursop leaf (Annona muricata Linn) against the target protein COX-1and COX-2 enzyme was done computationally. Indicators measured free bond energy (ΔG), and hydrogen bond on the amino acid residues. Potential inhibition is indicated by low free bonding energy and presence of hydrogen bonds in the same amino acid compared to control. The controls used are indomethacin. β-caryopyllen, Transcaryopyllen, and Linalool are predicted to have a weak potential inhibiting COX-1 protein enzime as same as control. Linolool is predicted to have ability in inhibiting COX-2 enzyme almost the same as control. Rutin, nicotiflorin and quarsetin have a weakly potency inhibit COX-1 protein enzime. Annonaine has the ability to inhibit COX-2 protein enzyme close to control. The conclusions of research are essential oils and ethanolic extracts of soursop leaves have weaker ability to inhibit COX-1 but have capability proportional to control to inhbit COX-2.
Application of two Potassium Fertilizer Sources with Different Proportionon Tomato (Lycopersicum esculentum L.) Yield and Quality.
Potassium is one of the main nutrient absorbed by the plant in a large number. Currently, the main source of potassium in Indonesia is mostly from KCl, while other sources of potassium fertilizer such as K2SO4 are rarely used by farmers because their K content is low. Even though K2SO4 contains Sulfur secondary nutrients which can improve the quality of various plants. A pot experiment was conducted to test tomato yield and quality in various application proportions of different potassium fertilizer sources. The experiment used randomized blocked design with three replications. Two potassium sources tried were potassium chloride (KCl) and potassium sulfate (KÂ­2­SO4) in different proportions. The application dose of potassium fertilizer in each treatment was 200 kg K ha-1 and one control treatment (without potassium). Therefore, there were six treatments. The research results indicated that: overall, potassium application was able to increase tomato yield and quality compared to control (without potassium application). Potassium application of 100 kg K ha-1 from K2SO4+ 100 kg K ha-1from KCl was able to increase fruit fresh weight per plant by 15.59%, fruit diameter by 2.72%, total sugar by 29.76%, Vitamin C by 10.41%, and fruit hardness by 25.00% compared to potassium application from KCl only. This suggests that to improve the quality of tomatoes, a combination of two types of potassium fertilizer is needed. Keywords: potassium source, proportion, yield, quality, tomato Â
MULTIMODAL EFFICACY OF COUNSELING IN STUDENTS STRESSES MANAGEMENT.
Abstract Problems in human life which has stress potential can conceive comprehensively including human’s life problem which has impact to stress. Recently, based on Prinantyo (2001) student stress phenomenon had been increasing, students were willing end their life tragically. It caused by problems in their educational environment, whether it can be by educators, materials, and social environment. Based on holistic perspective, human can be improving effective daily lifestyle to face their stresses, even it will effectively which use biopsikososiospritual. Holistic stress handling is necessary to do because it can appear mental disorder such neurosis and psychosomatic. The research problem is how applied multimodal counseling modal to students stress management. The research design is pra-experimental using the one pretest-posttest design. The main research design characteristic are such (1) research subject just one group such experiment group, (2) Giving pre test and posttest to research subject, (3) Internal validity control and limited external. The first target in this research is applied suitability multimodal counseling modal with the student’s psychology need. It will examined by acceptability in utility aspect, fesiablity and accuracy. The next target is examining effectively student stress management model. The output research such: HAKI, it will be gives contribute of technology such counseling multimodal implementation, media which use as guidance for counselor to student stress management, student stress management’s book, international journal (Asean American Journal of Psychology). Keyword: Implementation, instrument, multimodal counseling, stress management, students
Social Change At Coffee Farmers Intercropping Pepper In Jember District
Changes in cropping patterns, from what was originally monoculture to intercropping caused changes in the social life of coffee farmers. The purpose of this study is to analyze the social changes that occur due to the innovation that entered in the Village Pace Silo District Jember, the innovation is to intercropping coffee with pepper. The design of this research is descriptive qualitative with research location in Pace Village Silo Sub-district Jember Regency. This study produced a description of the changes that occurred in coffee farmers who intercropped coffee with pepper. The change that is happening is a change that leads to progress where it can increase the income and welfare of farmers. Besides change also happened to characteristic of farmers, social capital and farmer institution. All of these changes have a positive impact on people's lives. Keywords: changes, social change, innovation. Â
Institutional Factor Analysis in Soybean Farming in East Java
Institutional Factor Analysis in Soybean Farming in East Java Bambang Siswadi Email: bsdidiek171@unisma.ac.id Â ABSTRACT The government of Indonesia has tried to increase soybean production towards soybean self-sufficiency since current soybean production is still unable to meet the domestic needs thus it should be met through import. One of policy strategies to increase soybean production is through the empowerment of its supporting institutional factors. The research aimed to analyze and determine factors related to soybean institution used as a consideration for farmers in soybean farming development. The research was conducted in East Java using survey method. About 96 soybean farmers selected as sample using simple random sampling method. Data was analyzed using multivariate method, which was factor analysis. The research result indicates that labor availability, superior seeds guarantee, production risk, member interaction in farmer group, technological innovation, extension intensity, and financial resources were soybean institutional factors that determine farmers’ consideration in soybean farming development. The performance of input market institutions and extension factors were influenced by labor availability, technological innovation, and extension intensity factors. The performance of farming institutional factor was influenced by member interaction in farmer group and production risk factors. The performance of external institutional factors was influenced by financial source and soybean superior seeds guarantee factors. Keywords: institution, self-sufficiency, soybean, East Java Â
Determination of cadmium in gill, liver, and muscle of fish with solid phase extraction (SPE) based on the ionic imprinted polymer (IIP).
An ion-imprinted polymer (IIP) material with 8-hydroxyquinoline (8HQ) (the complexing ligands), methacrylic acid (MAA) (the monomers), ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) (the crosslinker agent), benzoyl peroxide (the initiator), ethanol-acetonitrile (2:1) (the porogen), and cadmium (template) has been synthesized. The IIP was used as an adsorbent for the determination of cadmium by solid phase extraction – flame atomic absorption spectrometry (SPE-FAAS). Variables affecting the SPE process, such as pH, elution volume, and flow rates of the sample, were evaluated. This method was applied to determined of cadmium in gill, liver, and muscle of Oreochromis niloticus. The optimized procedure consists of a sample loading (sample pH of 6) through IIP-SPE columns containing 100 mg of the synthesized IIP at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min-1. Cadmium can be eluted completely by passing 2 mL of 1 mol L-1 HNO3. The recovery of the method were 95.61, 94.60, dan 95.52 % for in gill, liver, and muscle, respectively. Keywords: cadmium, SPE, IIP.
UTILIZATION OF 15N LABELED RICE STRAW FOR TRACKING NITROGEN DISTRIBUTION WITH INDICATOR OF MAIZE PLANT
The purpose of this study was to describe the nitrogen distribution of rice straw residues (RS) applied to the soil. 15N-labeled rice straw derived from rice plants grown with different 15N concentration supply during rice growth that are 0 mM (N0), 0.625 mM (N1), 2.5 mM (N2), and 10 mM (N3). They were planted on plastic pots of 30 cm diameter containing 5 kg of quartz sand and placed in the green house. After 8 weeks, the rice is harvested and its biomass was dried at 60 ° C for 48 hours and then analyzed its quality. The four kinds of RS with different 15N supply (N0; N1; N2; N3) were used for two types experiment namely: (1) non leaching incubation experiment to determine the dynamics of N mineralization in soil, and (2) pot experiments conducted using maize plant indicator in the green house to know the amount of the N uptake and N distribution, plus a control treatment (without RS residue). Results showed that RS with different 15N concentration supply produce different qualities. The RS residues contained N by 1.05-2.04%, 15N-excess by 0.92 - 2.78%, lignin 4.24 -23.54 % and polyphenols 4.74% - 6.78%. The highest total mineral nitrogen released during the 14-week incubation was found at a 10 mM concentration treatment (N3) by 57.46%. Total N absorbed by maize plants in this treatment amounted to 28.15%. From this amount, 61.47% derived from the RS applied to the soil and 38.53%Â derived from the soil. Key words : rice straw, 15N concentration, N uptake, 15N uptake
Response of Arabica Coffee Farmers to Climate Change on Ijen Mountain Hill of Bondowoso Regency
Arabica coffee is aggressively developed at Ijen Mountain Hill of Bondowoso along with Program of Agriculture Department. Climate change is a threat to Arabica coffee farming because it can have an impact on the decline in the quality and quantity of crops. The Area of Ijen Mountain Hill is a center for developing arabica coffee which is susceptible to climate change. The purpose of this study was to determine the response of Arabica coffee farmers to the threat of climate change seen from the institutional social response, economic response and biophysical response. The research method used is literature study. The results of the study can be explained as follows; 1) institutional social response identified using collective action of farmers consisting of contribution of opinion, contribution of personnel, financial contribution and contribution of attendance to group activities; 2) economic response is identified by the addition of input costs (increase the number of workers, investment in production infrastructure, replant adaptive varieties, increase conservation cost) and reducing input costs (reducing the cost of chemical fertilizers, reducing the cost of herbicides); 3) biophysical response identified from the use of adaptive varieties, use of soil moisture technology, use of shade plants, weed pruning and use of organic fertilizer. Keywords : Response of Â farmers, arabica coffee, climate change
Assesment of Water Quality Status at Karang Mumus River of Samarinda
The Karang Mumus River is one of the tributaries of Mahakam that pass through in Samarinda city and has an important role for the life of the surrounding community. The purpose of this study is to determine the status of water quality of Karang Mumus River in terms of its designation using STORET. Water quality parameters measured were TSS, pH, DO, BOD, N-total, P-total, and total Coliform bacteria. From the analysis result using STORET method shows the water quality at station I have -4 value, station II has value -26, station III has value -34, station IV has value -28, station V has value -31, station VI has value - 34, station VII has a value of -44, station VIII has a value of -38, and station IX has a value of -39. The station I is light contaminated quality status, station II and IV are medium polluted and station III, V, VI, VII, VIII, and IX are heavily polluted. While the result of the analysis using Pollution Index method shows that water quality at station I has value of 1.147, station II has value 6.57, station III has value 7.052, station IV has value 4.725, station V has value 8.069, station VI has value 4.533, VII has a value of 7.153, station VIII has a value of 7.434, and station IX has a value of 4.755. Stations I, IV, VI, and IX have lightly polluted categories, while stations II, III, V, VII, VIII have medium polluted categories. Keywords: Quality status, Water quality, STORET method, Pollution Index Method.
ANALYSIS OF MARKETING MIX ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION IN TRADITIONAL MARKET
The purpose of this study is to know and analyze how the influence of marketing mix consisting of: product, price, location, and promotion to consumer satisfaction, either simultaneously or persial. Research location in traditional market of Malang city, using quantitative method of sample 30 people. Data analysis techniques used multiple linear regression. Data analysis in the form of validity and reliability test, classical assumption test, coefficient of determination. Based on the results of feasibility test independent variables have a significant influence on customer satisfaction simultaneously, t test results are persial indicate that product, price, place and promotion, have a significant positive effect on customer satisfaction. The product mix has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. Price mix has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decision. Location mix has a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions. The promotion mix has a positive and significant impact on purchasing decisions. promotion variable is a variable that has dominant influence, therefore the traditional market in Malang city is the time to increase its promotion through visual media, giving discount or by way of face to face. Keywords: product, price, promotion, location, satisfaction
Evaluation of Antiplasmodial Activity of Flavanones from Macaranga hosei Leaves
Macaranga hosei is one of the species of Macaranga that widely distributed in tropical forest region including Indonesia. Several compounds from the leaves of this plant with broad spectrum of biological activities have been reported. This study was focus on antiplasmodial activity of four flavanones that have been isolated, named 4á¿½-O-methyl-8-isoprenylnaringenin (1), lonchocarpol A (2), 4á¿½-O-methyl-8-isoprenyleriodictyol (3) and 6-isoprenyleriodictyol (4). The antiplasmodial activity against Plasmodium falciparum 3D7 was conducted using Giemsa method. The most active compound was shown by 4 with IC50 value of 0.31 μg/mL, followed by 1, 2 and 3 with IC50 values of 1.02, 1.18 and 2.47 μg/mL, respectively. Keywords: Macaranga hosei, antiplasmodial activity, flavanones, Plasmodium falciparum
Molecular Weight Profile of The Chicken feet Antioxidant Peptides
This study conducted to characterization protein fraction of the bioactive peptides from chicken feet Â as antioxidant through pH and temperature, hydrolysis of papain and ultrafiltration. The research method was experimental and laboratory exploration. The variables observed included antioxidant activity, molecular weight profile with SDS-PAGE. The results of this study indicate an increase in antioxidant activity by bioactive peptides of pH treatment, temperature, hydrolysis of papain enzyme and ultrafiltration process. The molecular weight profile also exhibit diversity with each other. The highest antioxidant activity amount 60.92%/mg protein was achieved from the ultrafiltration treatment.
Comparative Analysis of Chip Cassava Advantages, Efficiency and Value Added Processing (Case Study in Kebonagung Village, Nganjuk District)
Cassava is included as the main food group that can be processed into various food preparations as well as industrial raw materials. One of them is processed into cassava chips for raw materials for making tapioca flour. During this time the orientation of farmers only carried out the production process so that the income was low, therefore it was necessary to socialize the importance of cassava processing so as to increase income and added value. This study aims to compare farmers' income before and after processing cassava chips, knowing the efficiency of cassava chips processing and calculating the benefits and value added of cassava chip processing. The study was conducted in the village of Kebon Agung, Kecamatan Sawahan, Nganjuk Regency, East Java, with a sample of 30 farmers taken by census method. Data were analyzed using different T-Test analysis, B / C ratio and Hayami Add Value Format. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the income of farmers who processed cassava chips was significantly different from those who did not process, which was 57% greater than those of farmers who did not cultivate. This is also shown by the B / C ratio of 2.6, meaning that the processing of cassava chips is profitable and provides processing value added of Rp. 343, - / kg of cassava raw material allocated to the workforce of Rp. 100, - kg of raw materials and Rp 243, - / kg of raw material as a benefit of capital investment. Keywords: cassava, processing, efficiency, added value
Lead (Pb) Absorption in Roots, Rhizomes, and Leaves of Seagrass Cymodocea serrulata
Abstract. Cymodocea serrulata was used to examine the accumulation of heavy metal uptake in the seagrass tissues and its impact on the anatomical changes of the seagrass tissues. Heavy metal analysis on water samples, sediments, and seagrass used Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and seagrass tissue anatomical analysis used the Olympus BX51 Digital Imaging Microscope. The analysis result of lead (Pb) concentrations in water and sediments in South Bangka were sediments>water, while in Ketawai Island were sediments>water. Lead (Pb) concentrations in the seagrass in South Bangka were the roots>rhizomes>leaves, while in Ketawai Island were the leaves>roots>rhizomes. The seagrass anatomical structure showed that the higher the lead concentration entering the seagrass body part, the higher the thickening on the endodermis and exodermis cell walls of the roots and rhizomes, as well as on the cuticles and the leaf epidermis. In general, the occurring anatomical changes is one of the plant strategies to minimize the translocation of lead in the seagrass Cymodocea serrulata tissues and seagrasses have a high tolerance to heavy metals. Â Keywords: Seagrass, Cymodocea serrulata, heavy metal, lead, anatomical response
Visual, Organoleptic, and Physical Detection as Qualitative Indicators of Formalin-Containing Foodstuff: Study on Skipjack Fish
To ensure a food contains formaldehyde, the only way is to bring it to a particular laboratory for further analysis, but this method is considered less practical for the general public. This problem encourages researchers to conduct research in order to provide information relating to qualitative indicators that can be used as a marker of formalin-containing food. The purpose of this study was to detect visually, organoleptically and physically the meat of Cakalang fish (Katsuwonis pelamis) which had been intentionally added with formalin. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD), with 6 categories of concentration of formalin solution used for dipping Cakalang fish (K. pelamis), namely: F1 = 100000 ppm; F2 = 10000 ppm; F3 = 1000 ppm; F4 = 100 ppm; F5 = 10 ppm; and F6 = 0 ppm. Each treatment was repeated 4 times. Parameters observed were visual, organoleptic (numerical), and physical detection. These parameters were observed after 12 hours of treatment, namely by dipping the fish into formalin solution with various concentrations for 5 minutes. Visual indicator data will be analyzed descriptively, while the organoleptic and physical data will be analyzed non-parametric statistics (Kruskal Wallis Test). The results showed that: (1) visually, the fish dipped in formalin solution with high concentrations (100000, 10000, and 1000 ppm) looked fresher and less deformed than those dipped in formalin with low concentrations (100, 10, and 0 ppm). The fish dipped in formalin was also not infested with flies, in contrast to the fish that was not dipped in formalin; (2) organoleptically, immersion into formalin significantly eliminates foul odor from fish after 12 hours of observation; and (3) physically, dipping into formalin significantly affects the level of hardness of fish meat. Keywords: qualitative incicators, formalin-containing foodstuff, skipjack fish.
Papeja, Herbal Potions During Breastfeeding in Madura (Indonesia) : The Use, Perceived Effectiveness, and Documentation of the plants used
Papeja is herbal potions used to enhance breast milk production by Madurese women. The World Health Organization recommends breastfeeding as the normal infant feeding method. Women often face challenges in their efforts to breast-feed their infants. One of these challenges may be a real or perceived insufficient milk supply. Poor breast milk production is the most frequent cause of breastfeeding failure in preterm babies. This study aimed to identify the pattern of use of herbal medicines during breastfeeding in Guluk-guluk and Pasongsongan Districts and to document plants used for papeja. Â Data was collected with the aid of semi-structured questionnaire using interviewer-administered method after informed consent had been taken from each participant.. Sixty two women, 18 years or older, breastfeeding or had breastfed in the past 24 months, and midwifery Â were interviewed. Simple descriptive statistics were used to summarise the demographic profile, Â attitudes of respondents and data of plants used as galactagogues. Â Most of the participants (n = 48) had perceived that these herbal galactagogues were effective in promoting breastfeeding adequacy. Forty six plants were identified from the study, from 27 families. Some of the plants have recorded scientific values for enhancing milk supply, whereas others are yet to be tested. It is important to validate these plants scientifically for possible galactagogues Â properties that may be harnessed for future use. Documentation of ethnomedicinal species with their therapeutic uses shall promote further Â Â phytochemical and pharmacological investigations and possibly, lead to the development of new drugs. Keywords :Papeja, breastfeeding, herbal galactagogues Â Â Â Â
The Application of Digital Technology to Increase Agricultural Production
The agricultural sector has been going on so long, but many Indonesian farmers still do the same traditional way that people did a century ago. Many agricultural techniques have not changed, using machetes, sickles, hoes, which have survived until now. Tractors are only used on large areas, and farmers do not feel they need it if the manual method is still able to do so. As a result, the increase in agricultural production develops quite slowly. It is not surprising then that Indonesia did not achieve food self-sufficiency, because changes in the way of farming were largely unchanged following the times. It means, Indonesia has not reached the sustainability yet. Now it is the time for the Government to think about and consider technological progress to support the progress of Indonesian agriculture. With Indonesia's position as the leading country in the Asian economy, members of the G-20, it's the right time for Indonesia to think more about people's needs. Food that is the needs of many people, and its fulfillment becomes a good for the people, so the role of the Government is expected to be towards a developed Indonesia from the agricultural sector. Agricultural robots or AgBots have begun to emerge for the world of agriculture and can carry out the task of starting planting, watering, harvesting and sorting crops. That is, new equipment will allow more and more quality food to be produced with less labor and this is useful when the number of farmers decreases. The decision is in Â Government’s hand. Â keywords : digital techology, agriculture production, food-self-sufficiency
MODEL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED BASED LEADERSHIP IN STRATEGIC EFFICIENCY ACHIEVING GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESS
MODEL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT INTEGRATED BASED LEADERSHIP IN STRATEGIC EFFICIENCY ACHIEVING GLOBAL COMPETITIVENESSÂ Â Rahayu Puji Suci Magister Management Post Graduate Program University of Widyagama Malang Adya Hermawati Magister Management Post Graduate Program University of Widyagama Malang Suwarta Agribusiness Faculty of Agriculture University Widyagama Malang Email : wati_wati38@yahoo.co.id Â Â SUMMARY Â The contribution of MSMEs is very meaningful for the increasing socio-economic level of society in the middle of the global market. While HR as a very important asset, a commodity willingness to serve others. The new paradigm, human resource based strategy is an important aspect as an absolute value added such as human resources in MSMEs. Humanistic perspective management approach, placing human resources as a central factor. This is the most reliable in creating competitive advantage at the level of globalization competitiveness primarily at SMEs. This study examines the extent of the impact of leadership on integrated Human Resource Management , with a comparative model between MSMEs in Malang, with MSMEs developing in East Java, Pasuruhan, Pasuruhan and Batu, and the impact on HR performance on MSMEs. The population in this study are MSMEs Â human resources that develop in certain areas in East Java. Sample size determination by using Slovin formula at 5% precision. Calculation in this sampling area is defined as 846 employees of MSMEs. Data analysis methods, GSCA and GSCA Multi-Group. Downstream of the research, is to find rules, recommendations that can provide useful information for managerial in managing integrated human resources, so as to accelerate the success of MSMEs organization. The result of the research shows that in Malang City there is a significant contribution between leadership to integrated Human Resource Management, in Malang Regency there is a significant contribution between leadership to integrated Human Resource Management, in Batu City there is a significant contribution between leadership to integrated Human Resource Management, in Pasuruan Regency a significant contribution between leadership towards integrated Human Resource Management , in Kota Pasuruan there is a significant contribution between leadership towards integrated Human Resource Management . It is concluded that the integrated Human Resource Management Â model will achieve global competitiveness by optimizing the implementation of a comprehensive oriented leadership strategy. Â Keywords: Integrated Human Resource Management, MSMEs, HR performance, leadership strategy
The Effect of Sound Wave and Drought Stress on Stomatal Opening and Soybean Growth
Sonic bloom is a technology that stimulates the opening of stomata wider by using frequency sound waves followed by application of liquid fertilizer through the leaves. This study aims to determine the effect of sound wave frequency and drought stress on stomatal opening, nutrient uptake efficiency and soybean production. The experiment using the split plot design with main plot is frequency, F0: without frequency, F2: frequency 2 kHz, F4: 4 kHz and F6: 6 kHz. The sub plot is the soil moisture content, L50: 50% Field Capacity (FC), L75: 75% FC and L100: 100% FC. The results showed that the frequency and soil moisture interaction affect the width of stomata at the 30, 40 and 50 days after planting (DAP), efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium uptake. The effect was also significant on the fresh and dry seed weight. The opening width of stomata at 4 kHz at 100% FC soil showed the highest value and not significantly different from the soil moisture of 75% FC. The highest nitrogen uptake efficiency was achieved at 4 kHz treatment at 100% FC, not significantly different from the frequency of 6 kHz at 100% FC. Furthermore, phosphorus and potassium nutrient uptake was found to have the same pattern, where the highest absorption efficiency was obtained at a frequency of 6 kHz with a soil moisture content of 100% FC. Seed production increased 40.89% at a frequency of 4 kHz, and the seeds produced in a 100% soil moisture FC were not unlike the soil moisture of 75% FC. Keywords: frequency, moisture content, nutrient uptake efficiency, soybean production Â
Histochemical analysis Oleuropein and in silico observation on secondary metabolites of olive leaves (Olea europaea L.)
So far, it has known the benefits of olive oil extracted from the fruit. But apparently there are other parts from the olive plant (Olea europaea) which has many benefits, especially for health, and that one part is leaf. Oleuropein belongs to the iridoid group which has antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal activity, and is useful for resisting various types of internal infections. Oleuropein can also increase the production of thermogenin inside the body, thermogenin is a compound that can burn fat effectively. In a recent study, oleuropein can be useful for lowering blood pressure. Studies on animals show that olive leaf extract can prevent nerve damage, thus, it is good for preventing strokes. This study aims to determine the important compounds oleuropin of olive oil found in olive leaves. Discovery of secondary metabolites in olive leaves was carried out by histochemical analysis by giving certain reagents to epidermal tissue on the leaves seen with an Olympus DP73 microscope. After discovering the metabolite content, the In silico method was observed using the computer simulation method through the PubChem data base (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ ). The specifications of the chemical elements found in olive leaves (Olea europaea L) will be found out on PubChem. Metabolite compounds found in a plant species were carried out with the KNApSAck-3D database (http://kanaya.naist.jp/knapsack_jsp/top.html). The results showed that histochemical analysis of the 5 positive secondary metabolites contained in olive leaves were alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, lipophilic. While with in silico observation, the secondary metabolites contained in olive leaves can be seen primarily in the form of 3D structures. Specific compounds found only in olive leaves are 1-Acetoxypinoresinol, oleuropein, Cis-3-Hexenyl acetate, Cis-2-Hexen-1-ol and Â Methyl nonanoate. It showed that the oleuropein compound is found in olive Â leaves. Keywords: Olive (Olea europaea L.), histochemistry, In silico
An Analysis of the Disaster Preparedness Capacity of the Division of Tanauan City: Basis for the DepED Learning Objects for an Enhanced Capacity Building.
Abstract Lives have been cut short and properties destroyed by disasters. It is therefore imperative that all institutions are well-prepared for any event of disaster. The purpose of the study was to determine the level of disaster preparedness of the Division of Tanauan City in the Province of Batangas. Specifically, this study aims 1) to determine the disaster preparedness capacity of the schools regarding disasters, 2) to identify the knowledge of teachers and school heads about the efficiency of the operationalization of disaster preparedness plans, 3) to determine the basic considerations in the DepEd enhanced capacity building learning objects. A descriptive research methodology was followed in this study. Â Random selection of school heads and school DRRM coordinators was done. Data were gathered using survey questionnaires. Key Informant interviews were also conducted to elicit some ideas regarding disaster preparedness. Â The study revealed that there was a difference on the perceptions of school heads and the school DRRM coordinators on the level of disaster preparedness in the schools but generally speaking, they both arrived in the same conclusion that the city schools were somehow ready especially regarding earthquake and food poisoning. Most of the school heads and school DRRM coordinators strongly agreed that their schools had preparations for disasters, hence, almost all of the respondents understood the concept of preparations. However, the level of agreement of the school heads and school DRRM coordinators regarding preparedness varies on the type of disasters. It could be noted that the awareness on the impact of earthquake and typhoon are placed at a higher level but both respondents agreed that low level of awareness on the impact of landslide prevails. The study also revealed that schools around Division of Tanauan City had constant threats to disaster. The proposed learning modules intended for disaster preparedness education can provide life-saving and life-sustaining information and skills that will safeguard learners and all populace in schools before, during and after emergencies
Checklist of Hoya Species in Bicol Peninsula, Luzon Island, Philippines
This study provides a checklist of hoyas in Bicol Peninsula, a unique biogeographic area in the southernmost tip of Luzon Island, Philippines characterized by active volcanism. After extensively reviewing articles on Hoya, it was found that there are 27 native species found in the provinces of Sorsogon, Camarines Sur, Camarines Norte and Albay. Nineteen (19) are endemic and only 8 are indigenous species. Four of the endemic species are listed as endangered in DAO 2017-01. However, human and natural disturbances threaten the habitats of Hoyas in Bicol. It is vital that biodiversity conservation strategies be implemented effectively particularly those in key biodiversity areas (KBAs) where Hoyas were found.
COMPETITIVE SUSTAINABILITY TOURISM STRATEGY WITH TRANSGLOBAL LEADERSHIP APPROACH TO SME TOURISM SECTOR IN EAST JAVA
COMPETITIVE SUSTAINABILITY TOURISM STRATEGY WITH TRANSGLOBAL LEADERSHIP APPROACH TO SME TOURISM SECTOR IN EAST JAVA Adya Hermawati Master of Management in Malang Widyagama University Graduate Program Suhermin Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Indonesia Surabaya Rahayu Puji Suci Master of Management in Malang Widyagama University Graduate Program Email: wati_wati38@yahoo.co.id Â Â Â SUMMARY Â Human resource strategy theory with marketing strategy theory explains the aspects of interdependence and integration holistically. This research is based on the optimization of outcome factors based on the quality of life in the workplace and strategies for achieving superior organizational performance through the implementation of transglobal leadership. The purpose of this study examined the influence and obtained empirical evidence, analyzed, and explained the effects of QWL moderation, job involvement, OCB on transglobal leadership on HRM performance of tourism sector, and marketing mediation effect responsible for HR performance of tourism sector on sustainable tourism competitiveness in Java East. This research method with, quantitative and qualitative approach. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. This research involves employees of MSMEs tourism sector and foreign and domestic tourists. The analytical tool used is, GSCA with Sobel Test approach. The result of this research is the contribution of Transglobal Leadership to Human Resource Performance. There is a significant contribution of Quality of Work Life to HR Performance. There is a significant contribution to the Employment Engagement to HR Performance. There is a significant contribution of OCB to HR Performance. QWL is a meaningful contribution to the reinforcing Transglobal Leadership. Engagement Work is a meaningful contribution to the reinforcing Transglobal Leadership. OCB is a meaningful contribution to the strengthening Transglobal Leadership. There is a Human Resource Performance on Responsible Marketing contributing which means Employment Engagement to Sustainable Tourism Competitiveness. There is a significant contribution to Responsible Marketing for Sustainable Tourism Competitiveness. That is, the higher the Responsible Marketing, will result in the Higher Sustainable Tourism Competitiveness. Â Â Keywords: QWL, OCB, Transglobal Leadership, Competitive Sustainability Tourism Â
LAND HUSBANDRY: THE ROLE OF BIOCHAR AS SOIL AMENDMENT ON INTERCROPPING PATTERN OF CASSAVA AND MAIZE
Biochar, a soil amendment material, which consists of various types of plant biomass and Â wastes are burned perfectly to produce charcoal. This charcoal contains organic C and complete nutrients. Biochar can improve the physical and chemical properties of the soil, as well as improve crop production. This study was a field experiment in a farmer field in Batu, about 15 km southeast of Malang, East Java, Indonesia, Alfisol type and 8% surface slope. The objective of this research to examine the effect of biochar on soil fertility and Â crop yield in intercropping pattern of cassava and maize. The method used was 1) field experiment using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with the following treatment: 1. Monoculture (without soil amendment, M). 2) Monoculture with Chicken Biochar Pump (MMcB), 3. Monoculture with Corncob Biochar (MCcB), 4. Intercropping of cassava and corn (CS), 5. Intercropping of cassava and corn with chicken manure Â biochar (CSMcB), 6. Intercropping of cassava and corn with Corn Cobs biochar (CSCcB). The results of this study Â showed that biochar application can improve physical and chemical soil quality, and crop yield on intercropping system. The crop management of land husbandry showed a symbiotic mutualism between cassava and corn. Soil organic C, total pore, drainage, water availability and soil aggregate stability increased after being treated using chicken manure biochar (MMcB). The increase in pH and N, P, K, Ca, Mg and cation exchange capacity ware found in MMcB and CSMcB treatment on intercropping pattern. After harvesting the corn, the chemical properties of soil on the Â biochar treatments had a high pH (6.26), nitrogen content by 0.14%, P content by 6.13 ppm, Â K content by 0.26 me/100g, Â CEC by 12.7, Ca content by 2.38 cmol/kg and Mg by 1.40 cmol/ kg. The application of both chicken manure and corn cob biochar have proven to improve the yield of cassava and corn Â in monoculture and intercropping system. The highest yield of cassava was found in monoculture system with chicken manure biochar (MMcB) by 33,14 ton /ha and intercropping with chicken manure biochar (CSMcB) by 30.16 ton /ha, and corn seed yield for 4.89 ton /ha Key word: Land Husbandry, biochar, Â Soil amendment, Intercropping, Cassava and Maize